![]() Furthermore, calreticulin is essential in the dialogue between parasites and hosts, inducing Th1, Th2 or regulatory responses in a species-specific manner. Several parasite calreticulins have been shown to limit immune responses and promote infectivity, while others are strong immunogens and have been used for the development of potential vaccines that limit parasite growth. Outside the endoplasmic reticulum, calreticulin is involved in several immunological functions such as complement inhibition, enhancement of efferocytosis, and immune upregulation or inhibition. Calreticulin plays an important role in Ca 2+ homeostasis and as a chaperone involved in the correct folding of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the existing amino acid differences can affect its biological performance. ![]() ![]() Calreticulin from parasites and its vertebrate hosts share ~50% identity and many of its functions are equally conserved. ![]()
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